IP Subnet Calculator
Calculate IPv4 subnet masks, CIDR notation, network and broadcast addresses, usable host IP ranges, and binary bit breakdowns with our free subnet calculator.
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Runs entirely in your browser. Entered IP addresses, internal subnets, and routing configurations remain completely private on your device.
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Network & CIDR Inputs
Binary Bit Representation
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IP Subnet Calculator delivers instantaneous, reliable IPv4 network segmentation and CIDR calculations for network engineers, sysadmins, cloud architects, and students. By combining any IPv4 host address with a CIDR prefix length (from /1 to /32) or dotted-decimal subnet mask, the calculator immediately yields the true network ID, broadcast address, and full usable host IP range. It accurately classifies private RFC 1918 subnets, loopback addresses, multicast groups, and public routing prefixes, while breaking down the 32-bit allocation into crisp visual network and host bit partitions. Explore the complete 4-octet binary representation to demystify bitwise AND operations, or reference the interactive CIDR lookup cheat sheet, all processed privately on your local machine with zero telemetry.
How to use IP Subnet Calculator
- Enter any IPv4 address (e.g. 192.168.1.1 or 10.0.0.1/24) into the IP input field.
- Select the subnet mask prefix using the interactive CIDR slider or common shortcut buttons.
- Review the calculated network address, broadcast address, usable host range, and IP scope.
- Inspect the binary bit allocation table or copy the comprehensive network summary with one click.
What you get
- Exact network ID and broadcast address corresponding to the designated CIDR block.
- First and last usable host IP addresses along with total and usable host capacities.
- Subnet mask, wildcard inverse mask, IPv4 class designation, and RFC 1918 scope status.
- Full 32-bit binary representation of IP, mask, network, and broadcast addresses.
When to use IP Subnet Calculator
- Plan internal IP addressing schemes and subnet allocations for corporate LANs and office branches.
- Configure AWS Virtual Private Clouds (VPC), Azure Virtual Networks, and Google Cloud subnets.
- Calculate broadcast addresses and usable host boundaries for router access control lists (ACLs).
- Study for Cisco CCNA, CCNP, and CompTIA Network+ certification subnetting examinations.
Frequently asked questions about IP Subnet Calculator
How does subnetting work in IPv4?
Subnetting divides a 32-bit IPv4 address into two segments: a network prefix that identifies the subnetwork, and a host portion that addresses individual devices. The subnet mask uses consecutive binary 1s for the network bits and 0s for the host bits, enabling routers to direct packets efficiently.
What is CIDR notation?
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation represents a subnet mask as a slash followed by the count of leading 1-bits in the mask. For instance, /24 corresponds to 255.255.255.0 (24 ones and 8 zeros), providing 256 total IP addresses and 254 usable hosts.
Why are the network and broadcast addresses not usable for hosts?
In standard IPv4 subnets (/30 and larger), the first address represents the subnet itself (Network Address), while the last address is reserved to transmit packets to all devices simultaneously (Broadcast Address). Therefore, usable hosts equals 2^(32 - CIDR) - 2.
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